金属/水反应冲压发动机理论性能计算与分析

基于水与金属燃料反应的水冲压发动机是一种新型的水下动力装置。为了研究水下冲压发动机的基本性能，在简述热力计算原理的基础上，以含铝贫氧推进剂为例对燃气发生器式水冲压发动机、以铝金属燃料为例对漩流式水冲压发动机进行了不同工作状态下的热力计算，得出了发动机比冲与水燃比、工作压强等之间的定性关系。     

月壤含水特性原位快速预判传感器设计与验证

基于月壤和水冰对不同谱段近红外激光存在吸收/反射差异性的特点,提出了采用多模近红外激光光强差异反演月壤含水特性的水冰原位快速预判方法。通过发射/接收光路同轴设计及多模激光光路分时复用设计,实现了多模激光光学系统轻小型化设计,研制出基于多模近红外激光的月壤水冰原位快速预判传感器工程样机,并开展了针对低含水率极区模拟月壤的含水特性原位预判试验。试验结果表明：该传感器水冰检测限可达0.39%,单次预判时间可优于1 s,光斑直径@检测距离为5 cm@500 mm,传感器具备对地面模拟月壤含水特性进行原位快速预判的能力。     

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System (BMCS) are studied from climatic data, “Marathon Exp. Leg.8, 1984” data, and Sea surface temperature (SST) data base “ds277-Reynolds” (1981–2000). The South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) is divided in two main types: tropical (TW) and subtropical water (ST). Water masses, Fronts, Inter-Frontal and Frontal Zones are analysed and classified: (a) the water masses: Tropical Low-Salinity Water, Tropical Surface Water, Tropical Tropospheric Water, Subtropical Low-Salinity Water, Subtropical Surface Water, Subtropical Tropospheric Water. T,S characteristics of intermediate, deep and bottom water defined by different authors are confirmed and completed; (b) the Inter-Frontal Zones: Tropical/Brazil Current Zone, Subtropical Zone and Subantarctic Zone; (c) the Frontal Zones: Subtropical, Subantarctic and Polar, and (d) the Fronts: Subtropical Front of the Brazil Current, Principal Subtropical Front, North Subtropical Front, Subtropical Surface Front, South Subtropical Front, Subantarctic Surface Front, Subantarctic Front and Polar Front. Several stable T–S relationships are found below the friction layer and at the Fronts. The maximum gradient of the oceanographic characteristics occurs at the Brazil Current Front, which can be any of the subtropical Fronts, depending on season. Minimum mean depth of the pycnocline coincides with the Fronts of the BMCS, indicating the paths of low-salinity shelf waters into the open ocean. In the work it is shown how to recover the horizontal and vertical thermohaline structure of waters from satellite data RSMAS SST.     

一种新型水溶性芯模的制备和性能

概述了金属模具不易脱模的形状复杂的复合材料结构件成型中遇到的工艺技术难题,着重对水溶性芯模的制备工艺特点和性能进行了研究,并将所制得的水溶性芯模成功的用于树脂基复合材料结构件的制造中。结果表明,水溶性芯模的各项性能满足复杂异型复合材料结构件制造的要求。     

Water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity

A plant growth system for crop production under microgravity is part of a life supporting system designed for long-duration space missions. A plant growth in soil in space requires the understanding of water movement in soil void spaces under microgravity. Under 1G-force condition, on earth, water movement in porous media is driven by gradients of matric and gravitational potentials. Under microgravity condition, water movement in porous media is supposed to be driven only by a matric potential gradient, but it is still not well understood. We hypothesized that under microgravity water in void spaces of porous media hardly moved comparing in void spaces without obstacles because the concave surfaces of the porous media hindered water movement. The objective of this study was to investigate water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity. We conducted parabolic flight experiments that provided 20–25?s of microgravity at the top of a parabolic flight. We observed water movement in void spaces in soil-like porous media made by glass beads and glass spheres (round-bottomed glass flasks) in the different conditions of water injection under microgravity. Without water injection, water did not move much in neither glass beads nor glass spheres. When water was injected during microgravity, water accumulated in contacts between the particles, and the water made thick fluid films on the particles surface. When the water injection was stopped under microgravity, water was held in the contacts between the particles. This study showed that water did not move upward in the void spaces with or without the water injection. In addition, our results suggested that the difficulty of water movement on the convex (i.e. particle surfaces) might result in slower water move in porous media under microgravity than at 1G-force.     

基于遗传算法优化的人工神经网络下高速滚动轴承的疲劳可靠性

考虑到高速滚动轴承中热弹流润滑效应的影响,提出一种人工智能方法进行航空轴承疲劳可靠性分析。通过带交叉项的二次多项式近似拟合温度场效应,并将热应力映射到滚动轴承赫兹接触区内,完成热弹流润滑效应下航空轴承接触应力分析模型的建立,同时考虑热弹流润滑效应、材料属性以及疲劳强度修正系数的随机性,运用人工神经网络法完成热弹流润滑效应下航空滚动轴承疲劳可靠性分析。采用遗传算法完成最小可靠性指标寻优和惩罚函数最佳设计点。基于改进的一次二阶矩法完成可靠性灵敏度分析。数值算例表明,所建立的可靠性分析模型能正确反映热弹流润滑效应对航空轴承接触疲劳的影响。与传统的Monte Carlo法相比,两种计算结果的失效概率之差为2.0×10-4,相对误差为23.8%,而所提方法耗时只有蒙特卡洛方法的0.15%,具有良好的全局搜索能力和高效的计算性能。      

HS40碳纤维/氰酸酯树脂复合材料的湿热行为

通过对低温固化HS40碳纤维/氰酸酯树脂复合材料进行不同湿热环境处理以及3次循环吸湿-脱湿处理,研究其湿热行为。结果表明:复合材料在70℃水浸以及70℃/95%RH两种环境吸湿31 d饱和吸湿率分别为0.71%和0.11%,说明该低温固化氰酸酯树脂基复合材料有很好的耐湿热性;研究复合材料的循环吸湿-脱湿行为,发现复合材料在70℃水浴锅中第1次水浸10 d的吸湿率为0.69%,尚未达到饱和,而第2、3次水浸10 d后的吸湿率分别提高到0.72%和0.74%;复合材料的层间剪切强度随着循环次数的增加,降低更为明显,经过3次循环吸湿-脱湿之后试样的层间剪切强度较干态试样降低了50.77%,连续吸水60 d的试样层间剪切强度较干态试样降低了58.98%。     

基于前缘凸结的推进泵叶片空化控制研究

为抑制推进泵空化不稳定引起的振动、噪声等危害,采用仿座头鲸鳍状肢前缘凸结的方法对推进泵叶片空化进行控制,通过水洞实验和数值模拟对前缘凸结的空化控制效果和机理进行了研究。结果表明,与原型泵相比,本文设计的仿生泵扬程得到了提升,且其效率损失小于2.5%;该仿生泵的前缘凸结会诱发涡结构,使叶片表面适度湍流化,造成空化区域的展向发展受到限制,空泡稳定性得到提高,但其也会导致波谷处存在低压区,造成仿生泵空化初生提前。总体来说,前缘凸结可以有效控制空化脱落和不稳定脉动,但凸结结构参数有待进一步优化以延缓由于波谷处局部压力较低而引发的空化初生提前。     

航空直齿轮喷油润滑油气两相流分析

针对航空直齿轮喷油润滑的啮齿瞬时流体状态进行研究,首先对航空直齿轮在喷油润滑工况下一个轮齿的啮合过程与润滑状态作了分析,然后建立了适合齿轮喷油润滑油气两相流分析的瞬态数学计算模型,最后通过计算流体动力学软件对其进行了建模与仿真计算.计算得到了齿轮啮合过程中啮合迹上每一个啮合点的油气率与入口压力数值及其在啮合过程中的变化规律.计算结果为进行齿轮弹性流体动力润滑和混合润滑的计算与分析提供了准确的流体状态参数以及压力入口边界条件.